See if you can check with one more neighbour, preferably with TalkTalk just be be sure. If their service is also fine then it would be safe to assume that an engineer has been out and made a mess while carrying out some work, and cut you off.
Provided there are no capacity issues, it will be as easy as connecting your wire back to the distribution point, then calling the exchange to link it back up to your phone number. The problem is as you seem to be the one and only customer affected, you won't be getting much priority on the job.
Give TT Customer care a call, and report it as a fault with your phone line. The automated system will ask for a mobile number to text you with updates, and that will automatically set up call divert until its all fixed iirc. Then you just have to sit tight and hope that they get an engineer back soon to fix their mistakes.
Once you get back up and running, if you call them back again you may be able to claim some compensation for the time you were left offline, but I don't think they can usually extend offers like you were suggesting.